Recent advances in Polyphosphazene-Functionalized MXene composites

초록

MXenes—a class of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides and nitrides—have attracted considerable attention because of their high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and tunable surface chemistry. Functionalization with polyphosphazenes—a distinctive class of organic–inorganic hybrid polymers—has opened new avenues for enhancing the multifunctionality of MXene-based composites. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the synthesis of MXenes, covering fluorine-based, fluoride-free, and alternative preparation methods, along with a detailed discussion of their structural and chemical characterization. It examines their key physical properties, electrical performance, catalytic activity, mechanical strength, and energy-storage capabilities, along with their environmental stability, toxicity, and degradation mechanisms. This review also discusses various fabrication strategies for incorporating MXenes into polymer matrices, emphasizing polyphosphazene-based systems prepared using techniques such as ex situ blending, melt blending, and in situ polymerization. Additionally, emerging applications of polyphosphazene-functionalized MXene composites in flame retardancy, energy storage, and environmental remediation are explored. Finally, the current challenges, research gaps, and future directions for the development of next-generation MXene-based materials for sustainable and high-performance technological applications are highlighted. © 2025 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

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