Advancements in MV2O6-Based Particulate Systems for Solar-Light Water Splitting

초록

The development of efficient visible-light-driven semiconductor photocatalysts is essential for scalable and sustainable green hydrogen production. Among ternary metal oxides, MV2O6 (M = Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn, Co, etc.) metavanadates have attracted considerable interest because of their narrow band gaps (similar to 1.8-2.5 eV), strong visible-light absorption, and unique edge-sharing VO6 octahedral framework that promotes charge separation. This review summarizes recent advances in the design, synthesis, and electronic engineering of MV2O6-based photocatalysts for solar water splitting. Since direct particulate overall water splitting has only been demonstrated for MnV2O6, whereas ZnV2O6, NiV2O6, and CuV2O6 have mainly been investigated as photoelectrodes, both particulate photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems are critically examined. The review clearly distinguishes these two configurations, highlighting how PEC studies provide valuable insights into charge transport, interfacial processes, and reaction kinetics while recognizing the additional challenges associated with suspension-based photocatalysis. Fundamental crystal structures, electronic band alignments, and charge-transfer characteristics of MV2O6 compounds are discussed, followed by recent advances in synthesis strategies, including hydrothermal, sol-gel, and deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted methods, together with morphology and defect engineering. Particular attention is given to oxygen-vacancy formation and its influence on visible-light absorption and charge separation. Modification strategies, including elemental doping, cocatalyst loading, and the construction of Z-scheme and step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunctions, are critically evaluated for improving photocatalytic efficiency. Finally, the review discusses the key challenges that limit practical applications, including unfavorable band-edge positions, rapid carrier recombination, sluggish surface reaction kinetics, photostability, and the need to establish composition-structure-activity relationships. Future perspectives emphasize rational materials design through advanced characterization, theoretical calculations, and scalable synthesis approaches to accelerate the development of efficient MV2O6 photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen production.

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