Direct fluorescence quenching based detection of indomethacin drug in biological fluids using carbon dots derived from waste Myrica esculenta seeds

초록

Indomethacin (IMC) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug frequently used for alleviating pain and inflammation. However, its excessive use can cause side effects. Consequently, it is important to monitor this drug in the environmental and biological samples. Herein, we report synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from biomass waste, Myrica esculenta (KAFSCDs) seeds, using hydrothermal method. The average diameter of KAFSCDs was found to be 9 nm. The prepared material was used for the direct fluorescence quenching-based sensing of IMC. Following optimization of different parameters, KAFSCDs could sense IMC via their interaction with drug both at ground and excited states, implying the presence of dual sensing mechanisms. KAFSCDs demonstrated excellent specificity, stability, and good linearity within the ranges of 0.1-0.7 mu M and 1.0-140.0 mu M, with a minimal detection limit of 10 nM. The developed sensing probe displayed robust stability under diverse ionic and pH stress conditions. Among all the tested interferents, the developed probe showed the highest selectivity for the IMC. The viability of the developed method was assessed by effectively sensing IMC in biological fluids with recoveries ranging from 98.1 % to 110.7 %. Hence, the presented direct fluorescence quenching based sensor showcased its potential applicability in clinical diagnostics.

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