A tri-active charge mediation architecture: Mo2TiC2TX MXene coupled with CoMn2O4 and NiFe-MOF for energy storage and fast response sensing applications

초록

The growing global demand for sustainable energy storage and environmental monitoring technologies has driven extensive research towards multifunctional electrochemical materials. In this study, BM@CMO@NF electrode material was prepared by incorporating conductive BM (Mo2TiC2TX-MXene) scaffold, redox-active CMO (CoMn2O4) layers, and ion-buffering NF (NiFe-MOF) framework into a single multiscale architecture. SEM, XRD, XPS, Raman spectra, and BET/BJH analyses confirmed uniform mesoporous, high surface-area composites, ensuring extensive electrochemically active surfaces and efficient ion transport. The BM@CMO@NF electrode had a high specific capacity of 2207C g- 1 at 1.0 A g- 1, with good rate capability, reversibility, and minimal voltage hysteresis. The BM@CMO@NF//AC device presented a specific capacity (Cs) of 280C g- 1, energy density (Ed) of 122.2 Wh kg- 1, and power density (Pd) of 1543 W kg- 1, and the mixed charge storage behavior was also verified through the determination of b-value and the analysis of the Dunn model. In addition to energy storage, the electrode had excellent electrochemical properties for nitrate detection. The BM@CMO@NF-electrode offered a quick response to nitrate, with sensitivity of 0.03366 mu A mu M- 1, high selectivity, reproducibility, and good stability over long-term operation. It presented the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 1 mM, limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.0 1 mM over the linear operating range (LOR) of 0.1 mu M to 1 mM. This work demonstrates the critical role of both material engineering and electrolyte tuning in maximizing the electrochemical performance of the BM@CMO@NF system, establishing a comprehensive strategy that unifies material tuning, electrolyte optimization, device-level validation, and sensing functionality for sustainable energy storage and environmental monitoring. Future directions can be focused on scalable fabrication for implementation into flexible and miniaturized electrochemical platforms.

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