Cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes potentially applicable to Li/Na hybrid ion batteries: Insights from recent research and theoretical perspectives

초록

Li/Na hybrid ion batteries (Li/Na HIBs), a type of hybrid metal ion battery, have attracted attention as next-generation energy storage devices that utilize both Li+ and Na+ ions, thereby combining their advantages and compensating for their drawbacks. This paper systematically reviews various electrode materials applicable to Li/Na HIBs, including cathode materials such as NASICON-type polyanion compounds, layered transition metal oxides, and Prussian blue analogues, and anode materials such as hard carbon, lithium titanate oxide, and graphite. Electrolyte materials contain carbonate and ether groups. Moreover, this review examines the insertion/extraction mechanisms of lithium and sodium ions in the cathode and anode materials, and summarizes the applicability of each material in Li/Na HIB systems and research aimed at improving their performance. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of mixed-salt-based electrolytes applicable to Li/Na HIBs are also reviewed. This comprehensive analysis provides integrated insights into the design of cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes, thereby offering guidance for future material development and commercialization of Li/Na HIBs.

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