Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Bryazka, Dana; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Griswold, Max G.; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi; Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi; Abdoli, Amir; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md; Abhilash, E. S.; Abu Gharbieh, Eman; Acuna, Juan Manuel; Addolorato, Giovanni; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adhikari, Kishor; Adhikari, Sangeet; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afzal, Saira; Agegnehu, Wubetu Yimam; Aggarwal, Manik; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Araz Ramazan; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed, Haroon; Rashid, Tarik Ahmed; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alam, Md Zakiul; Alem, Dejene Tsegaye; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Alizadeh, Atiyeh; Allel, Kasim; Alonso, Jordi; Alvand, Saba; Guzman, Nelson Alvis; Amare, Firehiwot; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amiri, Sohrab; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderson, Jason A.; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Arabloo, Jalal; Arshad, Muhammad; Artamonov, Anton A.; Aryan, Zahra; Asaad, Malke; Asemahagn, Mulusew A.; Burt, Thomas Astell; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie; Atorkey, Prince; Atreya, Alok; Ausloos, Floriane; Ausloos, Marcel; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Ayinde, Olatunde O.; Mateos, Jose L. Ayuso; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye; Khyavy, Mohammadreza Azangou; Jafari, Amirhossein Azari; Azzam, Ahmed Y.; Badiye, Ashish D.; Bagheri, Nasser; Bagherieh, Sara; Bairwa, Mohan; Bakkannavar, Shankar M.; Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur; Balchut, Awraris Hailu; Null, Tilxrnighausen; Barra, Fabio; Barrow, Amadou; Baskaran, Pritish; Belo, Luis; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhalla, Ashish; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S.; Bintoro, Bagas Suryo; Blokhina, Elena A. Elena; Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule; Boloor, Archith; Bosetti, Cristina; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brenner, Hermann; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Brunoni, Andre R.; Butt, Zahid A.; Cao, Chao; Cao, Yin; Cardenas, Rosario; Carvalho, Andre F.; Carvalho, Marcia; Maia, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli; Castelpietra, Giulio; de Araujo, Luis F. S. Castro; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Charan, Jaykaran; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaurasia, Akhilanand; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Dinh Toi Chu; Chudal, Nandita; Chung, Sheng Chia; Churko, Chuchu; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Claro, Rafael M.; Costanzo, Simona; Cowden, Richard G.; Criqui, Michael H.; Martins, Natalia Cruz; Culbreth, Garland T.; Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Damiani, Giovanni; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daniel, Beniam Darge; Danielewicz, Anna; Gela, Jiregna Darega; Davletov, Kairat; de Araujo, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva; de Sa Junior, Antonio Reis; Debela, Sisay Abebe; Dehghan, Azizallah; Demetriades, Andreas K.; Molla, Meseret Derbew; Desai, Rupak; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; da Silva, Diana Dias; Diaz, Daniel; Digesa, Lankamo Ena; Diress, Mengistie; Dodangeh, Milad; Dongarwar, Deepa; Dorostkar, Fariba; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Duko, Bereket; Duncan, Bruce B.; Edvardsson, Kristina; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Elgar, Frank J.; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elmonem, Mohamed A.; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Etemadimanesh, Azin; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich; Farahmand, Fatemeh; Sa Farinha, Carla Sofia E.; Faro, Andre; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Feigin, Valery L.; Feldman, Rachel; Feng, Xiaoqi; Fentaw, Zinabu; Ferrero, Simone; Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Francis, Joel Msafiri; Franklin, Richard Charles; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gad, Mohamed M.; Gallus, Silvano; Galvano, Fabio; Ganesan, Balasankar; Garg, Tushar; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu; Gemechu, Tadele Regasa; Getacher, Lemma; Getachew, Motuma Erena; Obsa, Abera Getachew; Getie, Asmare; Ghaderi, Amir; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghajar, Alireza; Ghamari, Seyyed Hadi; Ghandour, Lilian A.; Nour, Mohammad Ghasemi; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Ghozy, Sherief; Glozah, Franklin N.; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Godos, Justyna; Goel, Amit; Goharinezhad, Salime; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golitaleb, Mohamad; Greaves, Felix; Grivna, Michal; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gudayu, Temesgen Worku; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Nejad, Nima Hafezi; Mirzaian, Arvin Haj; Hall, Brian J.; Halwani, Rabih; Handiso, Tiilahun Beyene; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hariri, Sanam; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed, I; Moghaddam, Hossein Hassanian; Hay, Simon, I; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Hendrie, Delia; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba; Hezam, Kamal; Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Sahadat; Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, Junjie; Hussain, Salman; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Immurana, Mustapha; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Islam, M. Mofizul; Islam, Rakibul M.; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Iso, Hiroyasu; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Iwagami, Masao; Jabbarinejad, Roxana; Jacob, Louis; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jamalpoor, Zahra; Jamshidi, Elham; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh; Jayawardena, Ranil; Jebai, Rime; Jeddi, Seyed Ali; Jema, Alelign Tasew; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jindal, Har Ashish; Jonas, Jost B.; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Nitin; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kabthymer, Robel Hussen; Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray; Kandel, Himal; Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel; Kapoor, Neeti; Karaye, Ibraheem M.; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Kassa, Bekalu Getnet; Kaur, Rimple Jeet; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khan, Imteyaz A.; Ab Khan, Moien; Kim, Hanna; Kim, Jihee; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kivimaki, Mika; Klymchuk, Vitalii; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kolahi, Ali Asghar; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Nithin; Ben Lacey; Lallukka, Tea; Lasrado, Savita; Lau, Jerrald; Lee, Sang Woong; Lee, Wei Chen; Lee, Yo Han; Lim, Lee Ling; Lim, Stephen S.; Lobo, Stany W.; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lozano, Rafael; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Mahjoub, Soleiman; Mahmoodpoor, Ata; Mahumud, Rashidul Alam; Makki, Alaa; Malekpour, Mohammad Reza; Manjunatha, Narayana; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Raga, Jose Martinez; Villa, Francisco A. Martinez; Matzopoulos, Richard; Maulik, Pallab K.; Mayeli, Mahsa; McGrath, John J.; Meena, Jitendra Kumar; Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Mentis, Alexios Fotios A.; Meretoja, Atte; Merga, Bedasa Taye; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Jonasson, Junmei Miao; Miazgowski, Bartosz; de Sa, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira; Miller, Ted R.; Mini, Gk; Mirica, Andreea; Mirijello, Antonio; Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Misra, Sanjeev; Moazen, Babak; Mobarakabadi, Maryam; Moccia, Marcello; Mohammad, Yousef; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammadian; Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman; Moka, Nagabhishek; Mokdad, Ali H.; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Moradi, Yousef; Mostafavi, Ebrahim; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mullany, Erin C.; Mulugeta, Beemnet Tekabe; Zamora, Efren Murillo; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Mwita, Julius C.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Nangia, Vinay; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nepal, Samata; Neupane, Sudan Prasad Prasad; Kandel, Sandhya Neupane; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.; Nowroozi, Ali; Nuruzzaman, Khan M.; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Obamiro, Kehinde O.; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru; Aliabad, Hassan Okati; Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun; Oliveira, Glaucia Maria Moraes; Bali, Ahmed Omar; Omer, Emad; Altamirano, Doris V. Ortega; Otoiu, Adrian; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Oumer, Bilcha; Mahesh, P. A.; Monedero, Alicia Padron; Palladino, Raffaele; Pana, Adrian; Jonas, Songhomitra Panda; Pandey, Ashok; Pardhan, Shahina; Parekh, Tarang; Park, Eun Kee; Parry, Charles D. H.; Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh; Patel, Jay; Pati, Siddhartha; Patton, George C.; Paudel, Uttam; Pawar, Shrikant; Peden, Amy E.; Petcu, Ionela Roxana; Phillips, Michael R.; Pinheiro, Marina; Plotnikov, Evgenii; Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh; Prashant, Akila; Quan, Jianchao; Radfar, Amir; Rafiei, Alireza; Raghav, Pankaja Raghav; Movaghar, Vafa Rahimi; Rahman, Azizur; Rahman, Md Mosfequr; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmani, Shayan; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R.; Rasali, Drona Prakash; Rashidi, Mohammad Mahdi; Ratan, Zubair Ahmed; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Rezaei, Negar; Rezaei, Saeid; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Rodriguez, Esperanza Romero; Roth, Gregory A.; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Erfan; Sadeghian, Reihaneh; Saeed, Umar; Saeedi, Farhad; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Harihar; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Rahman, Km Saif Ur; Salahi, Sarvenaz; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Milicevic, Milena M. Santric; Sarikhani, Yaser; Sathian, Brijesh; Saya, Ganesh Kumar; Sayyah, Mehdi; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Schwarzinger, Michael; Schwebel, David C.; Seidu, Abdul Aziz; Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil; SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad; Seylani, Allen; Sha, Feng; Shahin, Sarvenaz; Sanavi, Fariba Shahraki; Shahrokhi, Shayan; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shaker, Elaheh; Shakhmardanov, Murad Ziyaudinovich; Beyranvand, Mehran Shams; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Sheikhi, Rahim Ali; Shetty, Adithi; Shetty, Jeevan K.; Shiferaw, Damtew Solomon; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shivakumar, K. M.; Shivarov, Velizar; Shobeiri, Parnian; Shrestha, Roman; Sidemo, Negussie Boti; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; da Silva, Natacha Torres; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Surjit; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Sleet, David A.; Solmi, Marco; Solomon, Yonatan; Song, Suhang; Song, Yimeng; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Soshnikov, Sergey; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Stein, Dan J.; Subba, Sonu Hangma; Szocska, Miklos; Seisdedos, Rafael Tabares; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Taheri, Majid; Tan, Ker Kan; Tareke, Minale; Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang; Temesgen, Gebremaryam; Temesgen, Worku Animaw; Temsah, Mohamad Hani; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapar, Rekha; Thomas, Nikhil Kenny; Tiruneh, Chalachew; Todorovic, Jovana; Torrado, Marco; Touvier, Mathilde; Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani; Mai Thi Ngoc Tran; Llimos, Sergi Trias; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Vakilian, Alireza; Valizadeh, Rohollah; Varmaghani, Mehdi; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vos, Theo; Wagaye, Birhanu; Waheed, Yasir; Walde, Mandaras Tariku; Wang, Cong; Wang, Yanzhong; Wang, Yuan Pang; Westerman, Ronny; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Wubetu, Abate Dargie; Xu, Suowen; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yang, Lin; Yesera, Gesila Endashaw E.; Yigit, Arzu; Yimaw, Ayenew Engida; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yu, Chuanhua; Zadey, Siddhesh; Zahir, Mazyar; Zare, Iman; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zastrozhina, Anasthasia; Zhang, Zhi Jiang; Zhong, Chenwen; Zmaili, Mohammad; Zuniga, Yves Miel H.; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Madureira-Carvalho, Aurea M.

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00847-9

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Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Bryazka, Dana;
Reitsma, Marissa B.;
Griswold, Max G.;
Abate, Kalkidan Hassen;
Abbafati, Cristiana;
... Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi;
... Lee, Sang Woong;
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초록

Background The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0.603 (0.400-1.00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0.002 (0-0) and 1.75 (0.698-4.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0.114 (0-0.403) to 1.87 (0.500-3.30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0.193 (0-0.900) and 6.94 (3.40-8.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59.1% (54.3-65.4) were aged 15-39 years and 76.9% (73.0-81.3) were male. Interpretation There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

키워드

ALL-CAUSE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; REDUCED MORTALITY; CONTROL POLICIES; METAANALYSIS; DRINKING; GUIDELINES; DRINKERS; CANCER

제목: Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

저자: Bryazka, Dana; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Griswold, Max G.; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi; Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi; Abdoli, Amir; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md; Abhilash, E. S.; Abu Gharbieh, Eman; Acuna, Juan Manuel; Addolorato, Giovanni; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adhikari, Kishor; Adhikari, Sangeet; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afzal, Saira; Agegnehu, Wubetu Yimam; Aggarwal, Manik; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Araz Ramazan; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed, Haroon; Rashid, Tarik Ahmed; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alam, Md Zakiul; Alem, Dejene Tsegaye; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Alizadeh, Atiyeh; Allel, Kasim; Alonso, Jordi; Alvand, Saba; Guzman, Nelson Alvis; Amare, Firehiwot; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amiri, Sohrab; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderson, Jason A.; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Arabloo, Jalal; Arshad, Muhammad; Artamonov, Anton A.; Aryan, Zahra; Asaad, Malke; Asemahagn, Mulusew A.; Burt, Thomas Astell; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie; Atorkey, Prince; Atreya, Alok; Ausloos, Floriane; Ausloos, Marcel; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Ayinde, Olatunde O.; Mateos, Jose L. Ayuso; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye; Khyavy, Mohammadreza Azangou; Jafari, Amirhossein Azari; Azzam, Ahmed Y.; Badiye, Ashish D.; Bagheri, Nasser; Bagherieh, Sara; Bairwa, Mohan; Bakkannavar, Shankar M.; Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur; Balchut, Awraris Hailu; Null, Tilxrnighausen; Barra, Fabio; Barrow, Amadou; Baskaran, Pritish; Belo, Luis; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhalla, Ashish; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S.; Bintoro, Bagas Suryo; Blokhina, Elena A. Elena; Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule; Boloor, Archith; Bosetti, Cristina; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brenner, Hermann; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Brunoni, Andre R.; Butt, Zahid A.; Cao, Chao; Cao, Yin; Cardenas, Rosario; Carvalho, Andre F.; Carvalho, Marcia; Maia, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli; Castelpietra, Giulio; de Araujo, Luis F. S. Castro; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Charan, Jaykaran; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaurasia, Akhilanand; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Dinh Toi Chu; Chudal, Nandita; Chung, Sheng Chia; Churko, Chuchu; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Claro, Rafael M.; Costanzo, Simona; Cowden, Richard G.; Criqui, Michael H.; Martins, Natalia Cruz; Culbreth, Garland T.; Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Damiani, Giovanni; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daniel, Beniam Darge; Danielewicz, Anna; Gela, Jiregna Darega; Davletov, Kairat; de Araujo, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva; de Sa Junior, Antonio Reis; Debela, Sisay Abebe; Dehghan, Azizallah; Demetriades, Andreas K.; Molla, Meseret Derbew; Desai, Rupak; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; da Silva, Diana Dias; Diaz, Daniel; Digesa, Lankamo Ena; Diress, Mengistie; Dodangeh, Milad; Dongarwar, Deepa; Dorostkar, Fariba; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Duko, Bereket; Duncan, Bruce B.; Edvardsson, Kristina; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Elgar, Frank J.; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elmonem, Mohamed A.; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Etemadimanesh, Azin; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich; Farahmand, Fatemeh; Sa Farinha, Carla Sofia E.; Faro, Andre; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fauk, Nelsensius Klau; Feigin, Valery L.; Feldman, Rachel; Feng, Xiaoqi; Fentaw, Zinabu; Ferrero, Simone; Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Francis, Joel Msafiri; Franklin, Richard Charles; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gad, Mohamed M.; Gallus, Silvano; Galvano, Fabio; Ganesan, Balasankar; Garg, Tushar; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu; Gemechu, Tadele Regasa; Getacher, Lemma; Getachew, Motuma Erena; Obsa, Abera Getachew; Getie, Asmare; Ghaderi, Amir; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghajar, Alireza; Ghamari, Seyyed Hadi; Ghandour, Lilian A.; Nour, Mohammad Ghasemi; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Ghozy, Sherief; Glozah, Franklin N.; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Godos, Justyna; Goel, Amit; Goharinezhad, Salime; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golitaleb, Mohamad; Greaves, Felix; Grivna, Michal; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gudayu, Temesgen Worku; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Nejad, Nima Hafezi; Mirzaian, Arvin Haj; Hall, Brian J.; Halwani, Rabih; Handiso, Tiilahun Beyene; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hariri, Sanam; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed, I; Moghaddam, Hossein Hassanian; Hay, Simon, I; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Hendrie, Delia; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba; Hezam, Kamal; Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Sahadat; Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, Junjie; Hussain, Salman; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Immurana, Mustapha; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Islam, M. Mofizul; Islam, Rakibul M.; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Iso, Hiroyasu; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Iwagami, Masao; Jabbarinejad, Roxana; Jacob, Louis; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jamalpoor, Zahra; Jamshidi, Elham; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh; Jayawardena, Ranil; Jebai, Rime; Jeddi, Seyed Ali; Jema, Alelign Tasew; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jindal, Har Ashish; Jonas, Jost B.; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Nitin; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kabthymer, Robel Hussen; Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray; Kandel, Himal; Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel; Kapoor, Neeti; Karaye, Ibraheem M.; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Kassa, Bekalu Getnet; Kaur, Rimple Jeet; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khan, Imteyaz A.; Ab Khan, Moien; Kim, Hanna; Kim, Jihee; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kivimaki, Mika; Klymchuk, Vitalii; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kolahi, Ali Asghar; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Nithin; Ben Lacey; Lallukka, Tea; Lasrado, Savita; Lau, Jerrald; Lee, Sang Woong; Lee, Wei Chen; Lee, Yo Han; Lim, Lee Ling; Lim, Stephen S.; Lobo, Stany W.; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lozano, Rafael; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Mahjoub, Soleiman; Mahmoodpoor, Ata; Mahumud, Rashidul Alam; Makki, Alaa; Malekpour, Mohammad Reza; Manjunatha, Narayana; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Raga, Jose Martinez; Villa, Francisco A. Martinez; Matzopoulos, Richard; Maulik, Pallab K.; Mayeli, Mahsa; McGrath, John J.; Meena, Jitendra Kumar; Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mensink, Gert B. 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DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00847-9

발행일: 2022-07

유형: Article

저널명: The Lancet

권: 400

호: 10347

페이지: 185 ~ 235