Spirulina maxima extract enhances immune function via NF-κB and MAPK pathways and ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal damage in mice

초록

Spirulina maxima is a filamentous cyanobacterium known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its immune-enhancing mechanisms remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the immune-enhancing effects of S. maxima 70 % ethanol extract (SM) and its underlying mechanisms using RAW 264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mouse model. Additionally, the protective effects of SM against cyclophosphamide induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage were evaluated. In RAW 264.7 cells, SM increased phagocytic activity, nitric oxide production, and cytokine gene expression via activation of the NF-kappa B and MAPK signaling pathways. In a mouse model, oral administration of SM increased natural killer cell activity and the serum levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines. In addition, SM alleviated intestinal mucosal damage and increased the expression of tight junction genes. These findings suggest that SM has potential as a multifunctional agent for immune modulation and intestinal health.

키워드