Enhancing IoT security with resource-efficient cryptography : A comprehensive review of lightweight and hybrid algorithms

초록

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has greatly changed several industries, such as smart healthcare, smart grid, and industrial automation. However, IoT devices are resource-constrained in terms of processing power and energy, which render them unsuitable for traditional cryptographic solutions. This review focuses on cryptographic schemes especially lightweight and hybrid, that have been tailored to secure IoT systems without consuming many resources for their operations as well this review analyses recent technologies such as, the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), attribute-based encryption (ABE) and quantum key distribution (QKD) in terms of low resource consumption which is the main advantage while considering securing communications in an IoT network. The review indicates that ECC is considered to be the right trade-off between efficiency and security, due to scalability issues associated with both ABE and QKD. Hybrid Encryption is used by combining symmetric and asymmetric techniques to address security and scalability. Future studies are expected to enhance the scalability of existing cryptographic solutions, introduce post-quantum cryptography techniques, and adapt machine learning for adaptive encryption and anomaly detection. This survey provides a complete examination of lightweight and hybrid cryptographic primitives in IoT, also discussing their security level, performance, and design space for different scenarios.

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