1930년대 사회주의 운동의 지역 간 접속과 노동운동의 지리 ―<일제감시대상 인물카드> 충청도·강원도 데이터를 중심으로―

초록

This study analyzes the migration trajectories and residential distributions of individuals from Gangwon and Chungcheong provinces as recorded in the Surveillance Cards of Persons under Japanese Rule, with the aim of reinterpreting the socialist underground movements of the 1930s in colonial Korea―centered on Gyeongseong(Seoul)― from the perspective of interregional mobility and class-based articulation. To this end, it first examines the movement patterns of individuals from these regions to trace the spatial expansion of the movement. Gangwon functioned as a key corridor through the northeastern railway network connecting to Hamgyeong, Manchuria, and the Russian Far East, facilitating the circulation of ideas and activists. This corridor provided a crucial foundation for both the continuity and diversification of socialist movements. Meanwhile, data from the Chungcheong region reveal the concentration of labor in Seoul during the process of industrialization; migrants were incorporated into the urban working class, thereby forming the social basis for mass movements. Previous studies, shaped by disciplinary divisions such as socio-economic history and the history of socialist movements, have tended to examine industrialization, socialist activism in Seoul, and labor movements as separate domains. However, an analysis of the relocation of underground networks aiming at the reconstruction of the Korean Communist Party suggests that these movements were fundamentally oriented toward workers, indicating that industrialization, labor movements, and party reconstruction were inseparably interconnected. The continuous influx of activists from abroad and the concentration of workers due to industrialization further intensified the complexity of socialist movements. In this process, the spatial center of activism shifted from central Jongno to industrial zones and densely populated working-class neighborhoods, signaling a deeper integration of the movement with workers and their sites of production. In this regard, industrialization, party reconstruction, and labor movements must be understood in an integrated manner, and 1930s labor novels provide a crucial textual medium for such a comprehensive perspective. Works such as Yi Kiyŏng’s Gohayng, Kang Kyŏng-ae’s Ingan Munje, and Han Sŏlya’s Hwanghon depict the intersection of socio-economic transformation, the formation of the working class, and the practices of intellectuals and activists. While these novels portray harsh and often negative realities, they simultaneously sustain an underlying optimism about the future. This reflects a temporal sensibility and political imagination distinct from capitalist notions of time and ethics.

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