Heavy metal accumulation and fecal microbiota response in black soldier fly larvae: identification of Leminorella grimontii as a potential indicator species

초록

With growing environmental concerns about marine pollution from heavy metals, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are gaining attention for their potential use in sustainable waste-to-feed systems. In this study, BSFL were raised on diets containing cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) to assess their growth, metal accumulation patterns, and changes in microbiota. While Cd mainly accumulated in the larval body, Pb, Hg, and As were primarily excreted through exuviae and feces. This pattern remained consistent even when larvae were fed naturally contaminated mackerel heads. Microbiome analysis of fecal samples showed that Leminorella grimontii had a strong positive correlation with Hg and As concentrations, suggesting its potential as a microbial indicator species for heavy metal exposure. These findings support the use of BSFL in bioconversion systems and suggest L. grimontii as a new biomarker for environmental monitoring.Graphical abstractScheme 1Experimental procedure and fecal microbiome results

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