MXene-enabled fluorescent sensing systems: recent advances in biomolecule detection

초록

MXene-based two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention as functional components in fluorescence-based biosensors due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and superior signal transduction capabilities. These materials have demonstrated remarkable performance in rapid and ultra-sensitive biomolecular detection, frequently achieving response times of less than one minute. The distinctive characteristics of MXene-derived nanosheets and quantum dots, including large specific surface area, excellent hydrophilicity, tunable surface chemistry, and inherent biocompatibility, render them highly effective as fluorescent signal transducers in biosensing applications. This review presents a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the progress in MXene-based fluorescent biosensors from 2018 to 2025, with a focus on the detection of diverse biomolecular targets. Emphasis is placed on the development and application of both MXene nanosheets and MXene quantum dots in general fluorescence sensing systems. Furthermore, we explore emerging green synthesis strategies for MXene fabrication, design principles for functionalizing MXene-based fluorescent probes, and their deployment in biological and biomedical diagnostics. By systematically analysing recent advancements in MXene-enabled fluorescent biosensing platforms, this review aims to inform future research directions and accelerate the translation of MXene nanomaterials into practical tools for biochemical analysis and clinical diagnostics.

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