Neurotoxic Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter: Mechanisms and Health Implications

초록

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) impacts various aspects of health. PM exposure has been increasingly associated with adverse neurological effects, including both neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. This review examines the pathways through which PM affects the central nervous system (CNS), including inhalation, systemic circulation, and direct olfactory translocation, leading to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a strong correlation between PM exposure and cognitive impairments, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Investigating the PM-neurodegenerative disease relationship is a pressing public health priority, offering opportunities to protect vulnerable populations from the effects of neurodegenerative diseases. The potential of PM for long-term accumulation and neurotoxicity is further demonstrated by its toxicokinetics, which include its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Understanding these pathways is essential for developing solutions to reduce PM-induced neurological hazards.

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