Emerging group-VA 2D materials: Antimonene and bismuthene for nanoelectronics and energy storage

초록

Bismuthene and antimonene are two-dimensional allotropes of the group-VA elements bismuth and antimony and have gained wide attention since the discovery of graphene, which has stimulated research towards twodimensional materials. With tunable band gaps, high carrier mobilities, and strong spin-orbit coupling, these unique materials demonstrate exceptional physical, chemical, and electronic properties, making them promising options for next-generation energy storage and nanoelectronic devices. This review highlights the thermodynamic and environmental robustness of bismuthene and antimonene in contrast to other 2D materials by examining their structural characteristics, synthesis techniques, and ambient stability. Concerning scalability and material quality control, top-down and bottom-up fabrication processes are compared in this review. The incorporation of these materials into field-effect transistors, lithium/sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectric devices offers optoelectronic and electrical characteristics. Their high surface reactivity and biocompatibility make them particularly attractive for prospective use in biosensing. Antimonene and bismuthene's unique advantages and current disadvantages are revealed through a comparative analysis with other two-dimensional materials such as graphene, phosphorene, and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. The purpose of this review is to encourage researchers to use group-VA two-dimensional materials for multifunctional nanoelectronics, energy storage, and other applications in the future. Device integration, oxidation resistance, and synthesis repeatability are among the existing issues that are critically analyzed in this review, which also provides insights into possible future directions and technical applications.

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