Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects for Combination Vaccines Against Human Infections

초록

Combination vaccines provide the versatile benefits of addressing different pathogens simultaneously using a combined formulation. This approach can be regarded as a substantial modernization in immunization. In this review, we highlight various advancements in combination vaccines based on mRNA, viral vectors, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines. Recent success in clinical trials of mRNA platforms for combination vaccines has particularly accelerated research in this direction. The advantages of combination vaccines in terms of patient adherence, cost effectiveness, and streamlined immunization schedule are discussed. The existing challenges of antigenic interference, logistical hurdles, and the complications of regulatory standards are analyzed. Research trends to make combination vaccines viable for emerging infections have been summarized. The current work provides a critical overview, the existing opportunities, and the future prospects of combination vaccines.

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