Stochastic analysis of jammers for UAV-assisted C-V2X systems employing millimeter-wave 3D beamforming

초록

Jamming devices significantly degrade cellular-vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications enabled by UAVs. The distribution of these jamming devices is critical in influencing the efficiency of various vehicular links, including vehicle-to-vehicle links, vehicle-to-macro-cell base station links, vehicle-to-line-of-sight UAV links, and vehicle-to-non-line-of-sight UAV links. This article examines the impact of jamming devices distributed in non-clustered and clustered scenarios on UAV-assisted C-V2X vehicular systems, focusing on vehicular-node (V-N) coverage and spectrum efficiency. The article also explores the effects of three-dimensional fluctuations of the beamforming antenna on system efficiency by employing millimeter waveband antennas. The analytical formulas for the V-N's association and coverage are derived for various network scenarios, including the number of V-Ns, macro-cell base stations, UAVs, jammers, and jamming power. Specifically, at tau=-10dB, a relative quantitative loss of 7.6% in terms of coverage is obtained when the jammers are uniformly dispersed compared to clustered jammers. Moreover, relative coverage losses of 25.5% and 19.4% are obtained with uniformly-distributed non-clustered jammers and clustered-distributed jammers, respectively compared to the case without jammers. The findings indicate that non-clustered jammers pose a greater threat to UAV-assisted C-V2X systems compared to clustered jammers and that vehicular networks' efficiency is severely degraded with jammers employed in an unclustered environment and high varying antenna orientation in comparison to clustered jammers. These findings highlight the need for system developers to incorporate counter-jamming measures, especially in scenarios where jammers employ non-clustered scenario with high variations of antenna orientation compared to the clustered jammers.

키워드