Performance of UAV-assisted C-V2X communications with 3D antenna beam-width fluctuations

초록

The antenna's three-dimensional (3D) beam-width orientation is crucial in assessing the effectiveness of vehicular communications. This paper investigates the influence of variations of millimeter waveband antenna 3D beam-width on the performance of un-crewed aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications. The cellular base-stations are represented using a two-dimensional Poisson point process (PPP), while vehicular nodes (V-Ns) are represented using a Poisson line process, and UAVs are represented using a 3D PPP. The typical transmitting V-N can connect with the nearest V-N in direct mode transmission or with the (macro base-station) MBS, line-of-sight (LOS) UAV, or non-LOS (NLOS) UAV in shared mode transmission. The efficiency of the system is measured by using the antenna's 3D beam-width relative to coverage and spectrum efficiency. To that aim, analytical equations for the association and coverage probability of vehicular-to-vehicular, vehicular-to-MBS, vehicular-to-LOS UAV, and vehicular-to-NLOS UAV connections are obtained in the setting of variation in beam-width. The efficiency is also measured in terms of V-Ns, MBS, and UAVs. The findings revealed that our system, considering millimeter waveband-based UAV-assisted C-V2X network leveraging the benefits of MBSs and UAVs, performs better than the conventional V2X network. The findings reveal that the efficiency of the UAV-assisted C-V2X networks is affected by the variable 3D beam-width, hence, it needs to be thoroughly specified. Furthermore, the network's performance degrades when the UAV's beam-width variations grow.

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