Sustainable bioremediation technologies for algal toxins and their ecological significance

초록

The emergence of algal toxins in water ecosystems poses a significant ecological and human health concern. These toxins, produced by various algal species, can lead to harmf u l algal blooms, and have far-reaching consequences on biodiversity, food chains, and water quality. This review explores the types and sources of algal toxins, their ecological impacts, and the associated human health risks. Additionally, the review delves into the potential of bioremediation strategies to mitigate the effects of algal toxins. It discusses the role of microor-ganisms, enzymes, and algal-bacterial interactions in toxin removal , along with engineering approaches such as advanced oxidation processes and adsorbent utilization. Microbes and enzymes have been studied for their environmentally friendly and biocompatible properties, which make them usef u l for controlling or removing harmf u l algae and their toxins. The challenges and limitations of bioremediation are examined, along with case studies highlighting successf u l toxin control efforts. Finally, the review outlines futu r e prospects, emerging technologies, and the need for continued research to effectively address the complex issue of algal toxins and their ecological significance.

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