AI-assisted wireless edge authentication with Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography and optimized blockchain for intelligent vehicular networks

초록

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) relies on wireless edge nodes to enable secure, low-latency communication between vehicles, Roadside Units (RSUs), and service infrastructure. Re-authentication in these high-mobility contexts is often needed and difficult, since it should provide high security levels without increasing latency or computational overhead. In this study, a wireless edge authentication framework based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography (HECC) is proposed with an optimized two-layer blockchain that provides lightweight, scalable, and privacy-preserving authentication. The proposed model includes a wireless edge-based AI-assisted decision unit that estimates short-term authentication demand and dynamically assigns cryptographic and ledger resources to maintain consistent low-latency performance across different traffic scenarios. In the proposed design, vehicles are first authenticated by RSUs using HECC-based key generation. A Decentralized Identifier (DID) containing a vehicle's credentials is stored on Layer 1 of the blockchain, and Layer 2 reference indexes are used to accelerate verification. Blockchain queries to the cloud server are eliminated, since after initial authentication, subsequent re-authentications are performed locally by RSUs. The resilience of the proposed framework against impersonation, replay, and key-compromise attacks, as well as the significant reduction in authentication delay and communication overhead, has been demonstrated through formal analysis and extensive simulations. This work demonstrates that integrating blockchain, HECC, and AI-assisted wireless edge intelligence can enhance security and efficiency in intelligent vehicular networks. The framework can significantly advance the application of IoV in the real world by enabling efficient, low-latency, and secure vehicle authentication. By leveraging edge computing, HECCbased cryptography, and blockchain, the system improves scalability and privacy, making it suitable for smart mobility systems and intelligent transportation networks.

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