FDS 기반 타이어 적층 화재 시뮬레이션의 모델링 한계점 분석 및 수치해석 고도화 방안에 관한 고찰

초록

As fires in large-scale logistics warehouses and tire storage facilities occur frequently in recent years, the importance of fire risk assessment using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is increasing. However, tires require higher modeling precision than typical building fire simulations due to their torus geometry, internal void flow and stack effect caused by stacking, and the thermal decomposition characteristics of rubber-based combustibles. This study analyzes the core limitations identified during the planning process of FDS-based stacked tire fire simulations and academically summarizes the technical constraints that prevented the presentation of direct quantitative simulation results. Furthermore, by integrating and analyzing advanced cases of electric vehicle fire simulations in underground parking lots, this study proposes guidelines for advancing numerical analysis. These include grid independence/sensitivity analysis, multi-mesh design, ventilation condition scenarios, implementation of control logic for integrating detection and extinguishing systems, evaluation of fire propagation based on radiant heat flux, and refinement of pyrolysis properties based on Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). This study differentiates itself by moving away from the simple numerical calculation methods of existing fire simulations and proposing a standard protocol for numerical analysis that reflects the physical characteristics of stacked tire fires. This holds academic value as a technical guideline for verifying the reliability of Performance-Based Design (PBD) in the future.

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