Dielectric loss-driven microwave absorbing materials

초록

The rising electromagnetic (EM) pollution in the telecommunication sector from electronic gadgets and wireless communication networks, and high demand for RADAR camouflaged technology, has caused an increased need for lightweight, high-efficiency, and wideband EM wave (EMW) absorbers. This review explores dielectric lossdriven recent advancements in microwave absorbing materials (MAMs), emphasising the roles of interfacial polarisation, conductive loss, and defect-dipole loss processes in their efficacy in detail. This article highlights different dielectric losses in a diverse range of materials in detail, including 3D-printed structures, biomassderived carbon materials, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, core-shell and yolk-shell structures, graphene, metal nanoparticles (NPs), MXenes, and various porous composites. The distinctive structure, electrical conductivity, and interfacial characteristics of these materials are intricately connected to their absorption of EMWs. We especially discussed not only the recent excellent different research outputs, but also the significant roles of different dielectric losses, resulting from the movement of electrons or charge carriers, and generated by polarisation processes, in the wave attenuation process. This review provides valuable mechanistic insights for the development of next-generation, sustainable, high-performing MAMs by summarizing significant breakthroughs and methods. The discussion may inform future efforts in EM pollution mitigation, stealth technology development, and electronic device safeguarding.

키워드