Self-powered broadband photodetector: From rigid device architecture to flexible and transparent electronics

초록

Self-powered broadband photodetectors (SPBPDs) have emerged as a promising class of optoelectronic devices that enable detection of light across wide spectral ranges without an external bias voltage, paving the way for energy-efficient photonics systems. Creation of a p-n junction at the semiconductor-semiconductor interface, formation of an asymmetric contact structure at the metal-semiconductor interface, and fabrication of an asymmetric thickness configuration are efficient approaches for developing SPBPDs. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis and performance comparisons of metal oxide and 2D-materials-based SPBPDs on rigid substrates, using the aforementioned strategies. Additionally, to broaden the applicability of SPBPDs in various aspects, such as heart rate monitoring, omnidirectional self-powered photodetection, optical sensing on plants, wearable electronics, and smart sensors technologies, this review also systematically concludes their performance through the integration with flexible and transparent electronics. Finally, we highlight the prospects of the SPBPDs with flexible and transparent electronics by highlighting the challenges in material fabrication strategies and interfacial charge transfer, advancement in device architecture, and incorporation of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) into the system. We envision that this review perspective will provide a significant pathway for accelerating the deployment of the next-generation optoelectronics systems with flexible and transparent electronics.

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