Numerical simulation-based study for superior charge extraction via acceptor/donor densities and temperature variation for renewable energy

초록

Rising concerns over climate change, coupled with the rapid depletion of conventional fossil fuel resources, have significantly accelerated the global demand for clean, renewable, and sustainable energy technologies. In this study, a perovskite solar cell based on ZnO/Cs2AgBiBr6/SpiroOMeTAD configuration was investigated through one-dimensional simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics, where Cs2AgBiBr6 was employed as stable and non-toxic double perovskite absorber layer. The simulations reveal that a maximum fill factor (FF) of 85.65% occurs at an absorber thickness of 360 nm. Additionally, the short-circuit current density reaches a peak of 13.00 mA/cm2 at Spiro-OMeTAD thickness of 150 nm. The device achieves its highest power conversion efficiency of 16.06% and maximum output power of 160.66 W/m2 at an optimized operating temperature of 300 K, while resistance analysis is performed using Python. Furthermore, the impact of varied lifetime of absorber layer, ETL, and HTL was probed. Among lead-free perovskites, Cs2AgBiBr6 stands out due to its environmental safety, structural stability, and favorable photovoltaic properties. This study demonstrates that targeted optimization of the thickness of the functional layers and carrier concentrations is critical to achieving a balance between efficiency and operational stability in Cs2AgBiBr6-based solar cells.

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