Controlled release and targeted drug delivery with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles: reviewing two decades of research

초록

Background Controlled release and targeted delivery of the drug payload are the two most fascinating applications of nanoparticle-based systems explored in the recent past. The advantages of achieving control over drug release kinetics include prolonged therapeutic effects, reduced dosing frequency, and fewer plasma level fluctuations and side effects, whereas targeted delivery offers enhanced drug accumulation at the site of action and reduced off-target toxicity, thereby improving the management of chronic diseases. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) hold tremendous promise for such applications because of their ability to modulate drug release, pharmacokinetics, the biodistribution profiles of drugs, and the surface functionalization for targeted delivery. Area covered This review primarily highlights the applications of PLGA-NPs based on the controlled release of therapeutics after oral, parenteral, pulmonary, ocular, intranasal, and dermal administration and tissue engineering. The potential of PLGA-NPs for targeted delivery to various diseases, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological disorders, has also been extensively reviewed. This review concludes with a description of the limitations of PLGA-NPs and the hurdles associated with their clinical application. Expert opinion PLGA-NPs stand out among other nanoparticles because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Although the presented data suggest that they are the major shareholders in controlled-release and targeted-delivery systems, no PLGA-NP formulation has reached clinics. Therefore, further insights into the rational design of PLGA-NPs and clinically relevant testing are required to narrow the gap between the bench and bedside realities.

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