Next-generation transition metal nanozymes with peroxidase-mimetic activity for ultrasensitive colorimetric hydrogen peroxide detection

초록

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used in both biological and industrial processes, but at high concentrations, it can be toxic and detrimental to living organisms. So, its precise and accurate detection is important; however, conventional enzymatic detection technology has some shortcomings. Therefore, this review focuses on transition metal-based nanozymes that function as peroxidase mimics for the sensitive detection of H2O2 in colorimetric methods. The review evaluates the current approaches applied for increasing the selectivity using bimetallic alloys, hybrid nanostructures, and surface modifications, in conjunction with contact reduction mechanisms at the matrix-surface interface. It highlights the use of nanoparticles prepared from iron, copper, nickel, silver, gold, and cobalt due to their stability, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility. Even the most recent developments in research cannot address the current problems, which include oxidation susceptibility, material degradation, and the limited operational depth of real-world materials. Hence, this review provides insights into a portable microfluidics platform, smartphone-based analytical tools and AI-optimized nanozyme synthesis techniques to bridge the gap between laboratory proof-of-concept studies and industrial applications. This review also demonstrates sustainable sensing using eco-friendly nanoparticles developed from biomass resources by researchers. The adoption of biocompatibility standards alongside green manufacturing and multi-analyte detection systems will streamline the sensor operation in healthcare settings, environmental surveillance, and food safety analysis. The sensor development roadmap of H2O2 outlines the pathway by which material development takes an interdisciplinary approach and progresses toward large-scale production and commercialization of the sensor in the market.

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