Toward the 3rd Generation of Smart Farming: Materials, Devices, and Systems for E-Plant Technologies

초록

The challenges posed by an increasing global population, industrialization, and climate change necessitate the transformation of agricultural practices to sustainably enhance food production. Conventional farming methods, reliant on extensive land use and chemical inputs, are becoming increasingly inadequate, necessitating innovative solutions. Smart farming technologies have emerged as a critical response, utilizing real-time data analytics and adaptive management strategies to optimize resource use, improve efficiency, and enhance crop yields. This perspective review explores the advancements in electronic devices for plants, which facilitate continuous monitoring of environmental conditions and plant physiological states, thereby enabling precise adjustments to cultivation practices. By addressing both external factors, such as soil health and microclimate, and internal elements, including growth dynamics and stress responses, these technologies enhance resilience to environmental stressors while supporting sustainable farming methods. This review details the properties, classifications, sensing mechanisms, and applications of these innovative devices, highlighting their potential to optimize farming practices and improve crop productivity and sustainability amid contemporary agricultural challenges.

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