Preparation of SnO/SnO2@C Composites Exploiting Nypa fruticans Shell-Derived Cellulose toward Green Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

초록

This study introduces a straightforward approach to producing composite materials of SnO, SnO2, and carbon derived from Nypa fruticans shells (SOC) using a hydrothermal method. Carbonization was conducted at 600 degrees C in N2 gas with various duration times of 2, 3, and 4 h, and the fabricated materials were denoted as SOC_2h, SOC_3h, and SOC_4h, respectively. The X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the calcination time affected the phase content of SOC materials. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry revealed that SnO and SnO2 nanoparticles were firmly bonded to carbon materials. Further, SOC electrodes exhibited outstanding properties as anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Especially, the SOC_3h electrode exhibited a reversible capacity of 994 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 100 cycles, which corresponded to a retention capacity of similar to 91% compared to the first cycle. In addition, the excellent rate capability of the SOC_3h electrode was confirmed when the capacity reached 871 mAh g-1 at 3 A g-1. These electrochemical properties, together with a low resistance value and high pseudocapacitive behavior ratio, demonstrate that the SOC_3h electrode is highly suitable as an anode for advanced LIBs.

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