Tin oxide quantum dots/MXenes hybrids: Synthesis methods, properties, and electrochemical energy storage applications

초록

MXene-based nanocomposites, characterized by high electrical conductivity with layered architecture, coupled with zero-dimensional SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) with outstanding electronic and electrochemical properties arising from quantum confinement and large surface-to-volume ratios, have attracted significant interest in providing improved energy storage applications. The review examines the latest developments in SnO2 QDs/ MXene nanocomposites, including their synthesis, structural characteristics, and electrochemical performance in supercapacitors and batteries. The combined effect of SnO2 QDs and MXene improves ionic diffusion, charge storage capacity, cycle stability, and rate performance. The review covers lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodiumion batteries (SIBs), lithium-sulfur (Li3S) batteries, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) and supercapacitors as well as the case-study to focus on LIBs since they constitute the majority of current SnO2 QD/MXene systems. In-depth case studies indicate that SnO2 QD in MXene hybrids suppress two synergistic failure modes of Sn-based electrodes such as pulverization associated with Li-Na+ alloying reactions and uncontrolled solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth during the cycling. This dual stabilization contributes to high specific capacitance in supercapacitors and high energy density in batteries. Other synthesis methods and composite architectures are also compared in this review to explain the performance improvements. Although these developments have been made, they have challenges of scalability, long-term electrochemical stability, and cost effective production. Their limitations are critically analyzed and future research directions are outlined to advance laboratory scale innovations in SnO2 QDs/MXene towards commercially viable energy storage devices.

키워드