Enhanced fluoride adsorption using NiO/Solanum tuberosum peels nanocomposites, insight into Box-behnken design (BBD) analysis and application in water defluoridation

초록

A novel NiO/potato peels nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process for the efficient removal of fluoride from water. The structural and morphological properties of the composite were confirmed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the adsorption process. The optimal conditions for maximum fluoride adsorption were determined to be an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, a pH of 7, and a contact time of 480 minutes. Under these optimized conditions, the nanocomposite achieved a high adsorption capacity and reduced fluoride concentration below the WHO permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L within just two hours. The composite also exhibited excellent regeneration capability over five cycles. This study demonstrates the potential of this sustainable, waste-derived nanocomposite as a highly effective adsorbent for fluoride remediation in water.

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