Integrated CO2 Capture and Circular Carbon Utilization Through Catalytic Conversion, Biomass Coupling, Hydrogen Integration, Mineralization, and Artificial Intelligence

초록

Carbon capture is more and more often seen as a component of an integrated carbon-management system than as a stand-alone separation phase. The practical utility of capture technology depends on the chemical state in which the carbon dioxide is held, the energy and material needs for regeneration, the compatibility of the caught species with downstream catalysis and the lifetime of the resulting carbon-containing product. This paper offers an in-depth framework for integrated CO2 capture and circular carbon use, including catalytic conversion, bio-integrated processes, biomass-derived materials and fuels, hydrogen-enabled routes, mineralization, and artificial intelligence-assisted process design. Reactive capture techniques that convert carbonate, bicarbonate, carbamate, dissolved CO2 or surface-bound intermediates without first generating a purified gas stream are contrasted with sequential capture, purification, compression, transport and conversion. The thermocatalytic, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and biological conversion pathways are compared against common parameters such as working capacity, conversion rate, selectivity, carbon efficiency, regeneration energy, stability and life-cycle greenhouse gas performance. Special emphasis is given on dual-functional materials, interfacial reactors, bio-integrated methanation, carbon mineralization in construction materials and coupling with renewable hydrogen. The review also discusses how machine learning, molecular screening, process simulation, graph-based data architecture, and digital monitoring could speed up material selection and system optimization. Across all pathways, the central design requirement is not maximum capture capacity alone, but a balanced match among binding strength, transport, catalytic reactivity, product separation, durability, and carbon permanence. A reporting framework and research agenda are proposed to guide credible scale-up and comparison of integrated carbon-management technologies.

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