Engineered boron-doped biochar for sustainable environmental remediation and circular energy systems: A review

초록

Boron-doped biochar (B-doped biochar) has emerged as a promising material for advancing sustainable technologies in environmental protection and energy systems. This review critically examines recent progress in the synthesis strategies of B-doped biochar derived from raw and modified biomass, emphasizing scalable, lowemission, and environmentally benign production methods. Incorporating boron species, primarily in the forms of -B3C, BCO2, and BC2O, significantly enhances key physicochemical properties of biochar, including surface area, porosity, surface functionalities, and electrochemical activity. These engineered features substantially improve its multifunctional performance in pollutant adsorption, catalytic degradation of hazardous contaminants, and resource recovery from wastewater, as well as applications directly relevant to pollution control and environmental risk mitigation. Furthermore, B-doped biochar demonstrates considerable potential in energy-related applications, such as supercapacitor development and electrocatalysis, thereby supporting the integration of waste-derived materials into clean energy systems. Addressing current challenges related to process scalability, product consistency, and practical implementation, the review outlines future research directions that align with safe, circular, and sustainable production practices. Overall, B-doped biochar represents a promising material platform for advancing environmental safety, pollution prevention, and cleaner production technologies.

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