The clinical potential of patient-derived microphysiological systems: a narrative review

초록

Purpose: The development of patient-derived microphysiological systems (P-MPS) marks a pivotal advancement in precision medicine. This review aims to assess the clinical relevance, technological evolution, and translational utility of P-MPS by examining how these systems integrate patient-specific biological materials into physiologically meaningful platforms for disease modeling and therapeutic decision-making.<br /> Current Concepts: P-MPS utilize primary cells, organoids, or induced pluripotent stem cells derived from individual patients, incorporating them into dynamic in vitro systems that recapitulate native tissue architecture and function. These platforms advance beyond conventional preclinical models by enabling more accurate simulation of patient-specific disease mechanisms, drug responses, and cellular interactions. Recent engineering innovations-including microfluidic integration, perfusion control, and scalable chip designs-have enhanced the physiological fidelity, throughput, and reproducibility of P-MPS. Simultaneously, advancements in AI-based imaging analytics and immune cell integration have further broadened their clinical applicability across a range of organ systems and disease states.<br /> Discussion and Conclusion: As healthcare continues to shift toward precision and functional medicine, P-MPS serve as a practical bridge between bench research and clinical application. These systems facilitate patient stratification, therapeutic screening, and personalized treatment development, while reducing dependence on animal models and enhancing translational predictability. Nevertheless, widespread adoption will require ongoing efforts in platform standardization, workflow integration, and regulatory validation. With continued progress in bioengineering and data analytics, P-MPS are poised to transform clinical research and empower clinicians with actionable, patient-specific insights.

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