Solid-state synthesized g-C3N4/PEDOT:PSS composite for sensitive detection of hydrazine in environmental application

초록

Hydrazine is a very hazardous and carcinogenic substance extensively used in industrial operations, medicines, agricultural compounds, and as a propellant in aeronautical applications. It's significant volatility and potent reducing characteristics render even minimal quantities capable of inflicting severe health and environmental hazards, such as hepatic and renal impairment, respiratory issues, and water source pollution. Recently, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gained popularity as a potential alternative to materials like graphene for various applications due to its unique electronic and mechanical properties, significant photoluminescence in a wide optical range, and promising energy conversion and storage properties, as well as water splitting capabilities. In this study, we demonstrate a straightforward solid-state method for synthesizing g-C3N4 using melamine and calcination at 550 degrees C. We further show its potential application in detecting hydrazine through modifying glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a smooth, glass-like surface. GCE is fabricated with prepared g-C3N4 using the drop-coating method in presence of conducting coating binder as PEDOT:PSS polymer for the fabrication of working electrode (g-C3N4/PEDOT:PSS/GCE) in a room conditions. Detailed characterization of the as-synthesized mesoporous material was carried out using Different methods like field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV/vis.), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS). The modified g-C3N4/PEDOT:PSS electrode demonstrated remarkable sensitivity to hydrazine detection by electrochemical approach, with a linear calibration plot (r(2) = 0.9907) over a concentration ranging from 1.0 nM to 1.0 M, along with a lowest detection limit (LOD) measurement of 0.59 nM (similar to 3 sigma/m). This study introduces a new electrochemical technique for detecting hazardous chemicals using high-surface area of graphitic carbon nanosheets (119.17 m(2)/g), which has potential electrochemical applications in large-scale environmental and healthcare fields. Finally, it introduced a sensitive, reliable, reproducible, and quick detection approach for hydrazine detection is crucial for environmental monitoring and public health safety. This work applied an electrochemical sensing method that provides an effective platform for on-site hydrazine detection, enabling real-time monitoring in environmental and industrial contexts with high sensitivity and minimal detection thresholds.

키워드