한국어와 베트남어 수량 구성의 통사적 유형에 대한 대조적 고찰

초록

This study aims to provide a contrastive description of the syntactic patterns and characteristics of quantification constructions in Korean and Vietnamese. The syntactic types of quantification constructions in both languages can be classified according to the components of quantification constructions and their syntactic structures. In Korean, there are six types of quantification constructions. The N–Q–CL(Noun-Quantifier-Classifier) type is an appositive construction of N and Q–CL. The Q–CL–N type is a modifying construction in which the Q–CL phrase modifies the N. These two types exhibit various syntactic and semantic differences due to their structural distinctions. The N–Q type is also an appositive construction, while the Q–N type is a modifying construction; however, both lack classifiers, which restricts their usage compared to N–Q–CL and Q–CL–N types. The Q–CL type results from the omission of the noun in the N–Q–CL type. The N–CL type cannot express specific quantitative information and is therefore used only in very limited contexts. In Vietnamese, there are four types of quantification constructions. The Q–CL–N type, in which the Q-CL are in apposition with the N, is the most typical quantification construction. The Q–CL type results from the omission of the noun in the Q–CL–N construction, while the Q–N type arises from the omission of the classifier. The N–Q–CL type is used only in specific counting contexts and is extremely limited in use. Unlike in Korean, classifiers in Vietnamese also function as markers of specificity and as anaphors.

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